unit9: computers

Siti hopipah 17223023

3B

Teaching media 

Unit 9: Computers

Role of computers in Education

Considering the use of computer technology is almost every sphere of life, it is important for everyone to have at least the basic knowledge of using computers. Let's look at what role computer technology plays in the education sector.

Computers in Education

Computer technology has had a deep impact on the education sector. Thanks to computers, imparting education has become easier and much more interesting than before. Owing to memory capacities of computers, large chunks of data can be stored in them. They enable quick processing of data with very less or no chances of errors in processing. Networked computers aid quick communication and enable web access. Storing documents on computers in the form of soft copies instead of hard ones, helps save paper. The advantages of computers in education primarily include:

Storage of information

Quick data processing

Audio-visual aids in teaching

Better presentation of information

Access to the Internet

Quick communication between students, teachers and parents

Computer teaching plays a key role in the modern education system. Students find it easier to refer to the Internet than searching for information in fat books. The process of learning has gone beyond learning from prescribed textbooks. Internet is a much larger and easier-to-access storehouse of information. When it comes to storing retrieved information, it is easier done on computers than maintaining hand-written notes.

Computers are a brilliant aid in teaching.

Computers have given impetus to distance education.

Computer software help better presentation of information.

Computers enable access to the Internet which has information on literally everything.

Computer, hard drives and storage devices are an excellent way to store data.

Integrated learning systems

Integrated learning systems are hardware/software solutions designed to deliver instructional content. The effective delivery of that content is measured, monitored, and maintained with an array of assessment and management tools that may also be part of that system. Integrated learning systems are generally associated with educational/academic environments, but are also deployed within private industry, for example, as a way to introduce employees to new, mission critical systems and software applications.

As opposed to static online help or even animated tutorials, integrated learning systems are highly interactive and are designed to provide feedback as to progress and grasp of the subject matter at hand. Built-in tools further allow executive management or instructors and trainers to monitor and measure a student's progress.

Purchasing large and complex systems directly affect how organizations conduct business, as they require significant investments in time, money, and employee training. Additionally, organizations must correctly choose a solution that not only satisfies current needs but also supports future growth.

Software selection 

Software solutions must be scalable to support ever increasing volumes and complexity of data from business growth. This makes the software selection process critical to laying the groundwork for a successful implementation for the long term. Spending the time to do it right the first time can save time, money, and increase employee satisfaction.

We work with you to decide on a customized level of service:

Requirements Analysis

RFP Development and Vendor 

Implementation Support

Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware

Computers have two main parts: hardware and software

Like piano (hardware) and music (software)

Computer hardware

The computer is an amazingly useful general-purpose technology, to the point that now cameras, phones, thermostats, and more are all now little computers. This section will introduce major parts and themes of how computer hardware works. "Hardware" refers the physical parts of the computer, and "software" refers to the code that runs on the computer.

Chips and Transistors

Transistor - vital electronic building block 

-Transistors are "solid state" - no moving parts 

-One of the most important inventions in history 

-"Switch" that we can turn on/off with an electric signal

Silicon chip - fingernail sized piece of silicon

Microscopic transistors are etched onto silicon chips

Chips can contain billions of transistors

Chips are packaged in plastic, with little metal legs

e.g. CPU chips, memory chips, flash chips

Silicon (metalloid) vs. Silicone (soft substance on cooking utensils)

Here is a silicon chip inside its plastic package. I pulled this out of the e-waste pile at the Stanford CS building, so it's probably kind of old. This is a small chip with just a few "pins" of electrical connection. Later we'll see a bigger chip with hundreds of pins.

Computer Hardware - CPU, RAM, and persistent storage

Now let's talk about the three major parts that make up a computer -- CPU, RAM, and Persistent Storage. These three are found in all computers: laptops, smartphones, and tablets.

parts of the computer: cpu, ram, persistent storage

Computer Facilities

There are computer facilities conveniently located in several buildings across campus.  Here students can access MS Office, the internet, print services, as well as specialized applications required for various courses.

Locations and Hours of Operation

Installed Software

Printing

In order to print in the labs, you must first prepay for printing. We call money on your print account print credits.  Students may purchase print credits from the Lab Assistant in Seton 316 or at the Helpdesk in the Information Commons.  Print credits purchased in either location can be used in any of the general use student labs (Seton 315, 316, Evaristus 136, EMF127C and Information Commons).  More Info:

Food and Drink in Labs

Food and drinks can cause equipment failure if introduced into the electronic components of a computer; therefore, they are forbidden in all computer labs.  Offenders may be asked to leave the lab, and lab privileges may be revoked.

Virus Checking

A virus is a program designed to corrupt other programs. The impact of viruses can range from making your computer crash to deleting important files, possibly doing enough damage so that the computer is inoperable. All lab computers are protected by Trend Micro Antivirus.

chapter 7 AUDIO

Chapter7

Audio 

Hearing and listening 

Hearing is an accidental and automatic brain response to sound that requires no effort. We are surrounded by sounds most of the time. For example, we are accustomed to the sounds of airplanes, lawn mowers, furnace blowers, the rattling of pots and pans, and so on. We hear those incidental sounds and, unless we have a reason to do otherwise, we train ourselves to ignore them. We learn to filter out sounds that mean little to us, just as we choose to hear our ringing cell phones and other sounds that are more important to us.

Listening, on the other hand, is purposeful and focused rather than accidental. As a result, it requires motivation and effort. Listening, at its best, is active, focused, concentrated attention for the purpose of understanding the meanings expressed by a speaker. We do not always listen at our best, however, and later in this chapter we will examine some of the reasons why and some strategies for becoming more active critical listeners.

2. developing listening skills 

Communication isn't just about talking with others and sharing stories, ideas, goals, and desires. Effective communication often involves listening skills that develop your ability to really absorb what others say, and listen with an open mind. Just like becoming a better speaker, there are many benefits of becoming a better listener. By developing better listening skills, you will be able to get more information out of the conversations you have, increase others' trust in you, and people will be drawn to your inviting personality.

Have inviting body language, there are:

Raising your eyebrows every once in a while.

Moving slightly closer toward the person speaking to you.

Smiling and laughing when it is appropriate.

Tilting your head when hearing new or interesting information.

Nodding your head if you agree or understand what someone is saying.

Keep eye contact

Listen without distraction

Turning off communication devices like cell phones is a polite and easy way to get rid of further distractions

Take note of the speaker's body language

Since words only convey a fraction of the message, "listening" to body language cues can help you further understand what the speaker is trying to communicate besides what their words convey.

Listen with the intent to learn

You might not be knowledgeable or fascinated with every topic of discussion, but listening with the intent to learn offers other points of view different from your own, and a chance for you to grow as a listener.

Be open minded

Be open to the idea that your scope of seeing things may not be the only, or necessarily the best way of seeing the world.

Audio formats 

An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system. The bit layout of the audio data (excluding metadata) is called the audio coding format and can be uncompressed, or compressed to reduce the file size, often using loss compression. The data can be a raw bit stream in an audio coding format, but it is usually embedded in a container format or an audio data format with defined storage layer.

There are three major groups of audio file formats:

Uncompressed audio formats, such as WAV, AIFF, AU or raw header-less PCM; Formats with lossless compression, such as FLAC, Monkey's Audio (filename extension. ape), WavPack (filename extension. wv), TTA, ATRAC Advanced Lossless, ALAC (filename extension .m4a), MPEG-4 SLS, MPEG-4 ALS, MPEG-4 DST, Windows Media Audio Lossless (WMA Lossless), and Shorten (SHN).

Formats with lossy compression, such as Opus, MP3, Vorbis, Musepack, AAC, ATRAC and Windows Media Audio Lossy (WMA lossy).

Producing class materials on cassette tapes/audio

Cassette tape production delayed due to global shortage of materials

Despite being technologically outdated, a BPI (British Phonographic Industry) report earlier this year revealed that a cassette tape resurgence was taking place as nearly 35,000 cassette tapes were sold in the UK for the first half of 2019.

In contrast, around 18,000 tapes had been sold by the same point in 2018.

When it came to artists proving successful on tape, Billie Eilish has secured the top spot  selling 4,000 copies of her debut album When We Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?

It was followed by Catfish and The Bottlemens the Balance at 2 on 3,000 cassette sales, with Madonnas Madame X at no.3, Lewis Capaldis Divinely Uninspired to A Hellish Extent at four and Hoziers Wasteland Baby completing the top five.

Duplicating and editing audiotapes

Benefits of our cassette duplication include:

Real time tape duplication on high quality Tascam cassette decks

Minimum orders start at just 20 cassettes

The cassettes are wound with tape to the exact length that you require

Cassettes come in clear cases with double-sided full colour printing on the cassette and a double-sided full colour printed J-card in the case

Over 60 different cassette tape colors available (see below), with play lengths up to 120 minutes.

Competitive pricing that includes UK delivery (international delivery available) and can offer quick turnaround times.

Selecting audio materials

Well-produced audio materials can motivate students to actively engage and enjoy learning.  For instance, teaching Kindergarten pupils about rhymes using compact discs has resulted to a meaningful learning experience.  My pupils who are of mixed heritage and backgrounds have shown interest towards the lesson and activities. The pieces of information on the types of audio materials have led me into analyzing the benefits that they can bring into the classroom instruction.  Cassette recorders, compact discs, multimedia CD-ROMS, and audio podcast are among the few types I have focused on.  Audio podcast which is a newly-emerged type of pre-recorded audio program has quite sparked my interest.  It would be an exciting feat to learn how to incorporate audio podcast in the modern classroom instruction.  In connection, the types of audio materials have their distinctive attributes which teachers have to bear in mind.  Audio cassette recorders are easy to use in instruction yet have a limited capacity for storage of data.  In such case, teachers need to utilize a number of audiotapes.  Audio cassette recorder can also be utilized by teachers through recording the students reading ability at the beginning and end of the school year.  Then, comparison and contrast can be conducted between previous and recent reading performance rate.  Its also noteworthy to mention that the audio podcast can provide students the opportunity to learn while multitasking.

Utilizing audio materials 

The use of audio is well established in education and has been used for decades. From the humble audio cassettes of the 1970s, to accompanying nearly all video recordings, audio has a long history as a teaching and learning aid. Audio as a format has great breadth and depth which means there is great potential for its use in education. Audio...demonstrated a capacity to facilitate authentic engagement, allowing students to connect in various ways to the outside world, both as listeners and publishers. The ease and speed with which digital audio can be deployed was used to support timely interventions and in some cases promoted information currency and responsiveness."

Beyond podcasting: creative approaches to designing educational audio ALT-J, Research in Learning Technology, Andrew Middleton p153

Require learners participation

In our model lesson, the plan for learner participation is as follows:

Students will work in groups of four to engage each other in rational discourse on the following key questions.

What is the role of the ICT devices in the Jamaican Educational System and how does this impact teaching and learning?

What benefits can be derived, if any from the use of ICT devices in the classroom?

What is the impact of the eLearning Project on learning Jamaica? 

How will the further development of technology impact the relationship between teachers and students?

Identify three limitations of technology use in the classroom.

After small group discussion, individual groups will be asked to share the highlights of their discussion with the entire class via a PowerPoint presentation. Students will be required to set up projector and computer on their own. 

Evaluate and Revise:

Lastly, evaluating and revising is a very vital step. Becoming a good teacher requires that you constantly evaluate your teaching, evaluate students' learning, and make needed revisions for the next lesson and for the next time you teach the current lesson. Always striving to improve. Evaluation occurs when you determine the worth of teaching methods and the media used. During the evaluation stage, you can ask yourself questions such as, Did this lesson meet the objectives? Did students gain from this lesson? Can this lesson be improved? How so? Could individual work or group work have been more effective for parts of this lesson? Was the media appropriate? Are there other technology solutions that might have worked better? You may also ask students to reflect on their learning and the experience they had in the lesson. Students may have feedback that could help you to improve the lesson for next time, or feedback that could help you improve future lessons for them.